6+Earthquake

=__EARTHQUAKES__=

Luis Gan 1-B
Basic Outline:

>> - Earthquakes are caused by 3 different plate boundaries. >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> What about surface waves. Is this complete? >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> Trivia
 * 1) Description
 * An earthquake is a sudden release of energy from the earth's crust. Earthquakes generate seismic waves.
 * 1) Parts of an Earthquake
 * Focus
 * The focus is where the earthquake starts. This is where the energy stored in the crust is first released.
 * Faults
 * Faults are where two tectonic plates converge or slide past one another. Along faults are where most earthquakes happen.
 * Epicenter
 * The point on the earth's surface directly above the source of the earthquake.
 * Foreshock, Mainshock and Aftershock
 * The mainshock is the earthquake with the largest magnitude (when an earthquake happens, others usually occur in nearby locations). The foreshock and aftershocks are the earthquakes that occur before and after the mainshock respectively
 * 1) Waves
 * - the energy released from the fault travels in waves. These waves travel outward from the focus in all directions. They lose energy with increasing distance.
 * Two kinds of waves
 * Primary waves are the faster traveling waves. They compress the rock they travel through. They can also travel through liquids, but they are slowed. This means they can travel through the earth's mantle and molten core (they can reach on the other side of the world)
 * Secondary waves travel slower. They break or distort the rock they travel through. They cannot travel through liquid.
 * surface waves
 * 1) Causes
 * - earthquakes are caused by the slipping past or rubbing together of tectonic plates, large chunks of rock that float on the mantle. The meeting points of the two plates are called faults. These faults, over time, are under a huge amount of pressure and strain from the two massive tectonic plates. When the fault ruptures, the plate will release the stress "like a spring uncoiling".
 * 1) Effects
 * Earthquakes release great amounts of energy that do a lot of damage
 * One of the most dangerous effects of an earthquake are Tsunamis.
 * Underground earthquakes can cause chunks of rock to push huge amounts of water in a direction, just like the December 2004 Tsunami.
 * They can also be caused by the P waves from a distant or near earthquake that would cause water to move with the waves and form a wall of water.
 * Fires are also caused by earthquakes. The shaking and force break pipelines of gas that when ignited, can cause big fires.
 * Infrastructure damage is imminent during an earthquake. Roads, bridges, railroads, buildings, houses, etc. are damage or completely destroyed by earthquakes depending on the magnitude.
 * Liquefaction occurs when a soft and wet piece of land is affected by an earthquake. It will turn this ground into liquid and anything on top of this land will sink.
 * 1) Magnitude
 * Magnitude is the most common way to determine an earthquake's size.
 * It is the amount of energy released by an earthquake
 * 1) Intensity
 * Intensity is the area that is affected by the earthquake and the earthquake's effect on the affected area
 * It is also the damage that is done to the affected area
 * 1) Types
 * 1) Subduction zones. Two plates collide and one edge of a plate is pushed under the edge of another plate. The earthquake begins when the plate that is pushed under fractures or ruptures under the great stress and pressure. The energy of this travels all through out the plate.
 * 2) Seismic Scale
 * Unlike the Richter scale which measures the magnitude or original force of the earthquake, the seismic scale is used to determine the intensity of an earthquake (what people feel in the location of the earthquake)
 * It can also me used to compare the intensity of different earthquakes
 * Seismic
 * From Greek word //seismos//; from //seiein//, meaning "to shake"
 * 1) Richter Scale
 * The Richter scale is used to determine the magnitude or power of the earthquake
 * Made by Charles Richter in 1935, in partnership with Beno Gutenberg
 * 1) Predicting Earthquakes
 * sadly, there is no way to predict the exact time and location of earthquakes :(
 * we can, though, predict when seismic waves will be reaching our location with the instruments such as the seismograph, etc.
 * some agencies can study faults and patterns of earthquakes over many years and can do a pretty good job of saying where on the landscape earthquakes most likely will occur and on which faults
 * they can also predict how big those earthquakes are likely to be and about how heavy the shaking is likely to be from those earthquakes.
 * it is however possible to determine the location of an earthquake using 3 or more seismographs
 * 1) Preventing Earthquakes/Precautionary Measures
 * 2) Issues Regarding Earthquakes
 * 1000-5000 earthquakes happen around the world every day.
 * The force released by an earthquake can be equal to 200 tons of dynamite. A force greater than that of the 1st atomic bomb

Please feel free to add further topics; include your research under the basic ones.

Thanks :D

Mrs Albano, Brendon was not tampering with our page. The two posts made with his account were actually made by me. He left his account logged on and I forgot to sign in with my own account. Don't get mad at him, please :D he didn't do anything. - marc matsubara (mmmatsubara)

noted.